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Writer's pictureCharles Sharpe

Major Depressive Disorder

Updated: Jun 15

Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. Fortunately, it is also treatable.



Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder


People with MDD experience several of the following symptoms for at least two weeks:


Feeling sad or having a depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day.


Losing interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed.


Changes in appetite – weight loss or gain unrelated to dieting


Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much


Loss of energy or increased fatigue


Difficulty concentrating, remembering things, or making decisions


Restlessness or feeling slowed down


Feeling worthless or guilty


Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide (If you are having thoughts of suicide, please see the resources below)


Difficulty functioning at work, school, socially, or in other important areas of life


Risk Factors for Major Depressive Disorder


Several factors can increase your risk of developing major depressive disorder, including:


A family history of depression


A personal history of mental illness, such as anxiety disorder or bipolar disorder


Medical illnesses, such as chronic pain, heart disease, or cancer


Substance abuse


Stressful life events, such as a loss, a job change, or a relationship problem


Certain medications


Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder


Major depressive disorder is highly treatable. Treatment options include:


Medication: Antidepressant medications can help regulate brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) that play a role in mood.


Psychotherapy: also known as talk therapy, can help you identify and change negative thinking patterns and develop coping skills for dealing with depression.


Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): may be an option for people with severe depression that has not responded to other treatments.


Lifestyle changes: such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep can also improve symptoms of depression.


Important to Remember





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