Major depressive disorder (MDD), also known as clinical depression, is a common and serious medical illness that negatively affects how you feel, the way you think and how you act. Fortunately, it is also treatable.
Symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder
People with MDD experience several of the following symptoms for at least two weeks:
Feeling sad or having a depressed mood most of the day, nearly every day.
Losing interest or pleasure in activities once enjoyed.
Changes in appetite – weight loss or gain unrelated to dieting
Trouble sleeping or sleeping too much
Loss of energy or increased fatigue
Difficulty concentrating, remembering things, or making decisions
Restlessness or feeling slowed down
Feeling worthless or guilty
Recurrent thoughts of death or suicide (If you are having thoughts of suicide, please see the resources below)
Difficulty functioning at work, school, socially, or in other important areas of life
Risk Factors for Major Depressive Disorder
Several factors can increase your risk of developing major depressive disorder, including:
A family history of depression
A personal history of mental illness, such as anxiety disorder or bipolar disorder
Medical illnesses, such as chronic pain, heart disease, or cancer
Substance abuse
Stressful life events, such as a loss, a job change, or a relationship problem
Certain medications
Treatment for Major Depressive Disorder
Major depressive disorder is highly treatable. Treatment options include:
Medication: Antidepressant medications can help regulate brain chemicals (neurotransmitters) that play a role in mood.
Psychotherapy: also known as talk therapy, can help you identify and change negative thinking patterns and develop coping skills for dealing with depression.
Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): may be an option for people with severe depression that has not responded to other treatments.
Lifestyle changes: such as regular exercise, healthy eating, and getting enough sleep can also improve symptoms of depression.
Important to Remember
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